Known in Chinese as Da Hanzu Zhuyi (大漢族主義), Han chauvinism was originally and ironically coined by Mao Zedong, and similar in meaning to “Han nationalism” and “Chinese nationalism”. Han chauvinism is an ideology that asserts the exclusive right of Han people to constitute the Chinese nation. In contrast, Chinese nationalism (Zhongguo minzu zhuyi 中國民族主義) promotes the concept of the Chinese people as a nation, and the cultural and national unity of all Chinese people. Chinese nationalism has been employed as a political tool to justify the Chinese “Communist” Party’s subjugation of the lands and populations of non-Han peoples such as Uyghurs, Tibetans, Mongols etc., and lay claim to Taiwan. While previous and current leaders of the PRC have officially condemned Han chauvinism, the discourses and practices of Chinese nationalism continue to actualise oppression, violence and settler-colonialism on the mainland, or by other nation-states such as Singapore and Taiwan (for example, the latter’s marginalisation of Taiwanese Aboriginal people).